A long time ago I wrote a not particularly good piece on the tautology problem: that natural selection is merely circular definition. I was just out of being an undergraduate when it was published, so it was at best an undergraduate piece. I have been unsatisfied with it ever since. So I will from time to time post on this. To start, what’s the history?
Read more »The tautology problem

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Peter Singer on CNN Discussing Healthcare and "Rationing"
Here. Of course, since the Republicans and a significant number of the Democrats are either crazy or bought and paid for by the private insurance industry, it is doubtful that these sensible points willl much affect the debate. (Thanks to...Brian Leiter
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Radio Interview: Are Ethicists Ethical?
By Australia's ABC national radio, featuring Simon Longstaff and me, here.
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Too Old School?
I had a meeting with a graduate student today about preparing for the job market. It was illuminating in the usual way: students often go very far in their graduate education before considering the realities concerning employment, salary, teaching loads, geography, and such.Anyway, I think this issue has come up before, but I'm curious about whether others would agree with a bit of advice I gave. The student has been invited to contribute an essay to an edited collection and she asked whether she should accept the invitation. I told her no.
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Qik, Twitter, and Philosophy Conferences
I’ve said it a couple of times before, and I’ll say it again - Twitter makes it suprisingly easy to keep up with what’s going on in philosophy. It’s my favorite thing about Twitter.
One neat thing we’re seeing now is philosophers twittering about what’s going on at a conference they’re attending…live. You don’t get tons of details, but it’s still kind of nice to get an occasional tweet about what’s going on at a conference.

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Is Philosophy Deductive or Inductive?
In yesterday’s post I discussed a debate between Ichikawa and Williamson about the nature of argments based on thought experiments. Although they have differences of opinions about how exactly these arguments work, they actually agree on quite a lot. For one thing, they agree that it is facts about the thought experiment itself, and not facts about how we think about the thought experiment (e.g.
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The ethics of the faculty furlough
Let's get a little down to earth here at PEA Soup: I may have to confront an actual ethical quandary in a few months, and I'd be interested in hearing people's thoughts about how I ought to respond.
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Understanding (Zombie) Conceivability Arguments: Part I
The zombie argument for dualism is commonly misunderstood. [For a broad overview and assessment of the argument, see my 'Zombie Review'.] In particular, misunderstanding the precise role conceivability plays in the argument often leads to overly hasty dismissals. In this post, I want to set out and correct three such misunderstandings. Let me begin on a conciliatory note by emphasizing that many conceivability arguments are no good.
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Moral Question for Untenured Faculty
The tortured souls over at The Philosophy Smoker have posted some crushing news about the economic condition of some institutions of higher learning. It's clear that this year's job market is going to be horrific. Maybe we'll even get another "Dear John, You'll never get a job" letter from the APA? Anyway, here's a question:
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Lectures online, Arche
Arche research centre is posting lecture multimedia online. So far, they have Crispin Wrigh, Graham Priest and Ole Hjortland. Also, the format is pretty cool (it's sound AND slides).
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Gender differences in math: Cultural, not biological
This report Frinom the Atlanta Journal-Constitution, citing an article in the June 1 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, says that differences between boys’ and girls’ performance on standardized mathematics tests correlates with the level of gender equity and other socio-cultural factors in the country in which the test was taken.
The study’s co-author says:

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Independent Study on Experimental Philosophy
I’m directing an independent study this summer on Experimental Philosophy.
We’re starting with the new reader by Knobe and Nichols. I’ll probably be posting about some of it soon.
So far we’re through the manifesto and the section on cross-cultural differences.
We spent most of our time talking about “Normativity and Epistemic Intuitions”

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The Ethics of Teaching in a Small Department and Obligations to the Students
A young philosopher writes: Here is a question on the ethics of teaching philosophy in a small department. I can imagine circumstances in which a philosopher only gets to teach one course a year in their specialism (because the department...Brian Leiter
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Open Access Journals in Philosophy: Why Aren't There More, and More Better Ones?
Gualtiero Piccinini (Missouri/St. Louis) writes: I’d love to see philosophers discuss open access philosophy journals. Some observations: (1) In many sciences, some of the most prestigious journals are now open access. (2) In philosophy, only one open access journal (Philosophers’...Brian Leiter
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While you're at it
Since it came up in the comments on the previous post, what about language requirements? My own view is that they're useless in Philosophy as a departmental requirement. To explain: students working on dissertations on, say, Aristotle, certainly need to acquire a serious command of Greek, whereas students working on, say, deflationism probably have no use for any foreign language at all (they'd be better off learning more logic). So students working on dissertations in areas which require work in foreign languages should be required to acquire them at the level appropriate for their work.
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Recent Compass Articles
- Kant’s Aesthetics: Overview and Recent Literature, Christian Helmut Wenzel
- Environmental Ethics: An Overview, Katie McShane
- Margaret Cavendish on the Relation between God and World, Karen Detlefsen
- Whatever Became of the Socratic Elenchus?

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The Problem of Dirty Hands
[New Entry by C.A.J. (Tony) Coady on April 29, 2009.]
Should political leaders violate the deepest constraints of morality in order to achieve great goods or avoid disasters for their communities? This question poses what has become known amongst philosophers as the problem of dirty hands. There are many different strands to the philosophical debate about this topic, and they echo many of the complexities in more popular thinking about politics and...C.A.J. (Tony) Coady

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Intuitions as Enablers
Continuing the theme of Herman’s recent post, with which I’m in broad agreement, here’s a further discussion of intuitions as evidence.
Alvin Goldman writes:

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Scanlon on Moral Responsibility & Blame (Part 1)
I’ve just read T.M. Scanlon’s chapter on blame in his latest book Moral Dimensions. The discussion is subtle, provocative, and quite insightful. It has already caused me to rethink some of my own views on moral responsibility in general and blame in particular. Nevertheless, I have a few questions/worries about the account that may be worth discussing over the course of a few posts. In this post, I’ll just focus on his account of moral responsibility, and in later posts I hope to focus on his accounts of blame and the ethics of blaming.
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More Video Interviews with Philosophers: Timothy Williamson (Oxford) in Lima

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