One of our species’ signature capacities, Deacon argues, is symbol-usage. Symbols permeate our practices to such an extent that even our success in mating depends on our acquiring complex social skills for negotiating symbolically mediated transactions. “Thus,” he avers, “because of symbols and with the aid of symbols, Homo sapiens has been self-domesticated and adapted to a niche unlike any other that ever has existed. We have been made in the image of the word.”
Read more »On the Human: Rethinking the Natural Selection of Human Language

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Mathematical and linguistic syntax: different brain areas
Contra the suggestion of Hauser, Chomsky, and Fitch that the hierarchical processing required for syntactical operations requires Broca's area, central to language, Friedrich and Friederici find MRI evidence that syntactic processing of abstract mathematical formulae involves mainly intraparietal and prefrontal regions:
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Evidence of Language Influencing Thought
In recent years, though, advances in cognitive science have made it ... Boroditsky researches cognitive science and symbolic systems - thought and language. ...
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“Nonindexical Contextualism” John MacFarlane
Synthese, Volume 166, Number 2 (January 2009), pages 231–250.
Main authors discussed: Herman Cappelen, Keith DeRose, Nikola Kompa, Ernie Lepore, Jason Stanley
On what is arguably the standard view in contemporary philosophy of language, an expression is context sensitive if its semantic contribution to…Iris Einheuser

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Understanding (Zombie) Conceivability Arguments: Part I
The zombie argument for dualism is commonly misunderstood. [For a broad overview and assessment of the argument, see my 'Zombie Review'.] In particular, misunderstanding the precise role conceivability plays in the argument often leads to overly hasty dismissals. In this post, I want to set out and correct three such misunderstandings. Let me begin on a conciliatory note by emphasizing that many conceivability arguments are no good.
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Do Intuitions about Reference Really Vary across Cultures?
Here is an interesting discussion from Experimental Philosophy of two conflicting results concerning whether or not native Cantonese speakers are descriptivist.
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While you're at it
Since it came up in the comments on the previous post, what about language requirements? My own view is that they're useless in Philosophy as a departmental requirement. To explain: students working on dissertations on, say, Aristotle, certainly need to acquire a serious command of Greek, whereas students working on, say, deflationism probably have no use for any foreign language at all (they'd be better off learning more logic). So students working on dissertations in areas which require work in foreign languages should be required to acquire them at the level appropriate for their work.
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How many different kinds of armchairs are there?
There has been some serious debate recently (in particular on the part of Daniel Nolan and Timothy Williamson) as to just what counts really as _armchair_ philosophizing. It seems to me that we could stand a bit more attention to the question: to what considerations is the armchair/unarmchair distinction supposed to be responsible?
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<b>Philosophy</b> major earns big accolade
"A lot of philosophy of science is interested in parceling apart the language of science and saying 'Well, this is what you guys are talking about when ...
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Williamson and Conceptual Analysis
I have some nascent worries about Williamson’s critique of epistemological analyticity in Ch. 4 of The Philosophy of Philosophy (Blackwell, 2007) that I’d appreciate some feedback on.
Sufficiency and decisiveness
It seems from what Williamson says in Section 8 of Ch. 4 that he holds that his Peter and Stephen cases establish not only 1t and 1l, but also something like 2t and 2l:
(1t) Grasping the thought every vixen is a vixen is not sufficient for knowing every vixen is a vixen.

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What is Recent Philosophy?
There is, I think, something of a standard history of 20th Century English-speaking philosophy, at least through 1980. The broad outlines are fairly familiar.
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What is Philosophy?
The focus of this blog is methodology in philosophy. But I doubt there is any such thing. I don’t doubt that individual philosophers, or even communities of philosophers, have interesting methodological commitments. And I think those are really interesting to study. (I wouldn’t be hanging out here if they weren’t.) But I don’t think there is much that is shared by philosophers as a group.
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“Inconsistency Theories of Semantic Paradox” Douglas Patterson
Philosophy and Phenomenological Research, forthcoming.
Main authors discussed: Alfred Tarski, Kirk Ludwig, Matti Eklund
Douglas Patterson argues that the best way to respond to the semantic paradoxes that arise in natural language is to take natural language semantics to be (explosively) inconsistent. According…Berit Brogaard

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Philosophical Number Writing Competition at MIT
Adam Elga (Princeton) and Augustin Rayo (MIT) competed to see who could inscribe the largest finite number on a chalkboard at MIT.
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